Nature of HRM
- HRM involves management functions like planning, organizing, directing and controlling.
- It involves procurement, development, maintenance and management of human resource.
- It helps to achieve individual, organizational and social objectives.
- HRM is a mighty disciplinary subject. It includes the study of management psychology communication, economics and sociology.
- It involves team spirit and team work.
The scope of HRM refers to all the activities that come under the banner of HRM. The activities are as follows
Human Resource Planning
Human resource planning helps an organization identify its current and future workforce needs. It involves determining the number of positions available, assessing whether there is an excess or shortage of staff, and creating strategies to address any imbalances. Effective planning ensures smooth operations and prevents talent gaps.
Job Analysis and Design
Job analysis provides detailed information about every role within the company. It outlines the responsibilities, required skills, and qualifications for each position. This information forms the basis for job design and helps the organization create clear, accurate job advertisements.
Recruitment and Selection
Based on the findings of job analysis, the HR department develops and publishes job advertisements to attract suitable candidates. Once applications are received, interviews and assessments are conducted to identify the most qualified individuals. Recruitment and selection ensure the organization hires the right people for the right jobs.
Orientation and Induction
After hiring, new employees undergo an orientation or induction program. This introduces them to the organization’s history, culture, values, and work ethics. It also familiarizes them with their colleagues and the overall work environment, helping them settle into their roles more effectively.
Training and Development
Training equips employees with the skills and knowledge they need to perform their roles effectively. Organizations often provide refresher courses for experienced staff to keep their skills current. Investment in training and development not only enhances performance but also boosts employee morale and retention.
Performance Appraisal
After approximately one year of service, employees typically undergo performance appraisals. These evaluations help HR measure individual contributions and identify areas for improvement. Appraisal outcomes often inform decisions about promotions, salary increases, bonuses, and other incentives.
Compensation Planning and Remuneration
Managing compensation and benefits is another critical HR function. The HR team ensures employees are paid fairly and in line with industry standards while adhering to legal and organizational guidelines. Effective compensation planning attracts and retains top talent.
Employee Motivation, Welfare, Health, and Safety
Sustaining employee motivation is essential for productivity and retention. HR develops programs and policies to enhance employee satisfaction, including welfare measures, health benefits, and safety regulations. Maintaining a healthy and safe work environment also helps reduce absenteeism and turnover.
Industrial Relations
Maintaining positive relationships with employee unions and representatives is crucial for organizational harmony. HR works to prevent conflicts, strikes, and lockouts through proactive communication and negotiation. Strong industrial relations contribute to a stable and cooperative workplace.
Conclusion
Human Resource Management is more than just hiring and firing — it encompasses planning, training, performance management, and maintaining employee well-being. By excelling in these key areas, organizations can build a strong, motivated, and productive workforce.
